1. What is DNA Fragment Size Calculation?

The DNA fragment size calculation determines the physical length of a DNA fragment based on the number of base pairs and the resolution of the separation method (like gel electrophoresis).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the DNA fragment size equation:

Where:

• \( S \) — Fragment size (mm)
• \( B \) — Number of bases (dimensionless)
• \( R \) — Resolution (bp/mm)

Explanation: The equation calculates how long a DNA fragment will be when separated based on the number of base pairs and the resolution of the separation method.

3. Importance of Fragment Size Calculation

Details: Knowing the expected fragment size helps in gel electrophoresis planning, PCR product analysis, and DNA fragment purification.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of bases and the resolution of your separation method. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is typical resolution for agarose gels?
A: Resolution varies by agarose percentage - 0.5% gels might have ~0.5 bp/mm, while 2% gels might have ~5 bp/mm.

Q2: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides an estimate. Actual migration depends on factors like DNA composition, gel conditions, and buffer system.

Q3: Can I use this for PAGE gels?
A: Yes, but you'll need to use the appropriate resolution for polyacrylamide gels, which is typically higher than agarose.

Q4: Why does fragment size matter?
A: It helps determine running time in electrophoresis and ensures proper separation of fragments of different sizes.

Q5: How does DNA shape affect migration?
A: Supercoiled DNA migrates faster than linear DNA of the same size, while nicked circles migrate slower.