1. What is Earth Curvature Calculation?

The Earth curvature calculation determines how much an object drops below the horizon due to the Earth's curvature over a given distance. This is important for surveying, astronomy, and long-distance observations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the curvature drop formula:

Where:

• \( d \) — Distance from observer (kilometers)
• \( R \) — Earth's radius (meters)

Explanation: The formula approximates the vertical drop due to Earth's curvature over a given distance. The actual Earth's radius varies slightly (equatorial radius = 6,378 km, polar radius = 6,357 km).

3. Importance of Curvature Calculation

Details: Understanding Earth's curvature is essential for accurate surveying, determining visibility over long distances, and correcting for atmospheric refraction in astronomical observations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter Earth's radius (default is mean radius 6,371,000 meters) and distance in kilometers. The calculator will show the vertical drop due to curvature.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does the drop increase with distance squared?
A: The relationship is quadratic because the Earth's surface curves away at an increasing rate as distance grows.

Q2: What is the standard Earth radius to use?
A: The mean radius is 6,371 km, though values between 6,357-6,378 km are acceptable depending on location.

Q3: Does this account for atmospheric refraction?
A: No, this is a pure geometric calculation. Atmospheric refraction typically makes objects appear slightly higher.

Q4: How accurate is this for very long distances?
A: The formula works well up to about 100 km. For longer distances, more complex calculations are needed.

Q5: Can I use this for other planets?
A: Yes, just input the appropriate planetary radius to calculate curvature for other celestial bodies.