1. What is the Engineering Toolbox Water Density Formula?

The Engineering Toolbox water density formula calculates the density of water (ρ) in kg/m³ based on temperature (T) in °C. It provides an accurate estimation of water density for temperatures between 0°C and 100°C.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Engineering Toolbox formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Water density (kg/m³)
• \( T \) — Temperature (°C)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the non-linear relationship between water temperature and density, with maximum density occurring at approximately 4°C.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Accurate water density calculation is crucial for engineering applications, fluid dynamics, buoyancy calculations, and various scientific experiments where precise measurements are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter temperature in °C. The formula is valid for temperatures between 0°C and 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does water density change with temperature?
A: Water density changes due to thermal expansion and contraction of water molecules as temperature changes, with maximum density at about 4°C.

Q2: What is the density of water at 4°C?
A: The maximum density of water is approximately 999.972 kg/m³ at 4°C under standard conditions.

Q3: Does this formula account for salinity or pressure?
A: No, this formula is for pure water at standard atmospheric pressure. Different formulas are needed for saline water or high-pressure conditions.

Q4: How accurate is this formula?
A: The formula provides good accuracy for most engineering purposes within the 0-100°C range, with typical errors less than 0.1%.

Q5: Can this be used for ice or steam?
A: No, this formula is only valid for liquid water. Different calculations are needed for solid (ice) or gaseous (steam) states.