1. What is Water Density by Temperature?

The density of water changes with temperature. This calculator provides an approximate value of water density (ρ) in kg/m³ based on temperature (T) in °C using an empirical formula.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the following equation:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Water density (kg/m³)
• \( T \) — Temperature (°C)

Explanation: The equation approximates how water density changes with temperature, with maximum density occurring around 4°C.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Knowing water density at different temperatures is important for various scientific, engineering, and industrial applications including fluid dynamics, buoyancy calculations, and thermal systems design.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter temperature in degrees Celsius. The formula is valid for temperatures above 0°C.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does water density change with temperature?
A: Water density changes due to thermal expansion and contraction of water molecules as temperature changes.

Q2: At what temperature is water density maximum?
A: Pure water reaches its maximum density at approximately 4°C (39.2°F).

Q3: How accurate is this formula?
A: This provides a good approximation for most practical purposes, but for precise calculations, consult standard water property tables.

Q4: Does this work for saltwater or other liquids?
A: No, this formula is specifically for pure water. Saltwater and other liquids have different density-temperature relationships.

Q5: What's the density of water at room temperature?
A: At 20°C, pure water has a density of about 998.21 kg/m³.