1. What is Ejection Fraction?

Ejection Fraction (EF) is a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts. It's an important indicator of heart function, particularly for assessing systolic function of the left ventricle.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the EPSS (E-point septal separation) to EF formula:

Where:

• \( EF \) — Ejection fraction (%)
• \( EPSS \) — E-point septal separation (cm)

Explanation: This formula provides a quick estimation of ejection fraction based on M-mode echocardiographic measurement of the distance between the anterior mitral leaflet and the interventricular septum during early diastole.

3. Importance of EF Measurement

Details: EF is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring heart failure, determining treatment strategies, and assessing prognosis in cardiac patients.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter EPSS measurement in centimeters. The value should be obtained from proper M-mode echocardiographic technique.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal EF value?
A: Normal EF is typically 55-70%. Below 40% indicates reduced EF (systolic dysfunction).

Q2: How accurate is this EPSS method?
A: It provides a reasonable estimate but may be less accurate than volumetric methods (Simpson's biplane) in certain conditions.

Q3: When is EPSS measurement most reliable?
A: In patients with normal mitral valve anatomy and function, without significant aortic regurgitation.

Q4: What are limitations of this method?
A: Less accurate with mitral stenosis, prosthetic valves, or regional wall motion abnormalities.

Q5: What EPSS values correspond to severe dysfunction?
A: EPSS > 1.5 cm typically suggests reduced EF, with values > 2 cm indicating more severe impairment.