Fix IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL in Windows 10

The IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (0x0000000A) blue screen error in Windows 10 is caused by a driver or system service accessing memory at an incorrect interrupt request level. To fix it, you typically need to update or roll back a problematic driver, run Windows Memory Diagnostic, or use System Restore to revert recent changes.

What Does IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Mean?

Windows uses an interrupt request level (IRQL) system to prioritize hardware and software interrupts. When a driver or kernel function tries to access memory at a higher IRQL than it is allowed, the system detects a violation and halts to prevent data corruption. The error is almost always driver-related, but faulty RAM, outdated BIOS, or corrupted system files can also trigger it.

The bug check code 0x0000000A is one of the most common Windows 10 blue screens. It can appear randomly, during startup, or when running specific applications. The error message usually names the offending file, such as a .sys driver, but not always.

Common Causes and Trigger Scenarios

• Faulty or outdated device drivers – especially network, graphics, chipset, and storage drivers.
• Incompatible software – antivirus, VPN, or system utilities that install kernel-level drivers.
• Corrupted system files – damaged Windows components can cause memory access violations.
• Failing RAM – defective memory modules can produce random IRQL errors.
• Overclocking – unstable CPU or memory overclocks can cause timing issues.
• Windows Update issues – a recent update may install a problematic driver.

If the error appears after installing new hardware or software, that is a strong clue about the culprit. If it happens during a specific task like gaming or using a peripheral, the associated driver is likely at fault.

How to Fix IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL in Windows 10

Start with the simplest fixes and move to more advanced ones. Always back up important files before making system changes.

1. Boot into Safe Mode

If Windows crashes repeatedly, you may need to boot into Safe Mode to make changes. To do this:

1. Restart your PC and press Shift while clicking Restart from the login screen or Start menu.
2. Go to Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings.
3. Click Restart and press 4 or F4 to enter Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads only essential drivers, so if the error does not appear there, a third-party driver is likely the issue.

2. Update or Roll Back Device Drivers

Open Device Manager (right-click Start and select it). Look for devices with a yellow warning icon. Right-click the device and choose Update driver > Search automatically. If Windows does not find a new driver, visit the manufacturer’s website and download the latest version manually.

If the error started after a driver update, roll it back: right-click the device, select Properties, go to the Driver tab, and click Roll Back Driver.

3. Run Windows Memory Diagnostic

Faulty RAM is a common cause. Press Win + R, type mdsched.exe, and press Enter. Choose Restart now and check for problems. Windows will run a memory test and restart. If it finds errors, replace the faulty RAM module.

4. Run System File Checker and DISM

Corrupted system files can cause this error. Open Command Prompt as administrator and run:

sfc /scannow

If that finds issues, run:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

Restart after the scans complete.

5. Use System Restore

If the error started recently, revert to a restore point before the problem began. Type Create a restore point in the Start menu, click System Restore, and follow the wizard to choose a point before the issue started.

6. Check for Windows Updates

Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and click Check for updates. Install any pending updates, including optional driver updates, and restart.

7. Disable Overclocking

If you overclocked your CPU or RAM, reset the BIOS to default settings. Restart your PC and press the key shown on screen (usually Del, F2, or F10) to enter BIOS, then load Optimized Defaults or Reset to Default.

8. Check Disk for Errors

Open Command Prompt as administrator and run chkdsk /f /r. You may need to restart to let it run. This checks for file system errors and bad sectors.

What to Do If the Error Persists

If none of the above works, the issue may be hardware-related. Try the following:

• Test with one RAM stick – remove all but one module and see if the error stops. Swap sticks to isolate a defective one.
• Check the minidump files – use the Event Viewer or a tool like BlueScreenView to see which driver is named in the crash dump. Search for that driver name to find a fix.
• Update BIOS – a newer BIOS may fix memory compatibility issues. Check your motherboard manufacturer’s site for instructions.
• Perform a clean install of Windows – if all else fails, back up your data and reinstall Windows. This eliminates any software-related cause.

Preventing Future IRQL Errors

• Keep Windows and drivers up to date.
• Avoid installing unnecessary kernel-level software.
• Use a reliable antivirus and run regular scans.
• Do not overclock unless you know what you are doing.
• If you recently added hardware, test it thoroughly.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a faulty power supply cause IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL?

Yes, an unstable power supply can cause random crashes, including this error. If you have ruled out drivers and RAM, test with a different PSU if possible.

Does this error mean my hard drive is failing?

Not usually. The error is more often related to memory or drivers. However, a failing hard drive can cause system file corruption that leads to this error, so running chkdsk is a good precaution.

Will resetting Windows fix IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL?

Resetting Windows (keeping your files) can fix the error if it is caused by corrupted system files or a bad driver. It removes installed applications and drivers, so if the issue was software-related, it will likely resolve it.

Is IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL dangerous?

It is not dangerous to your hardware, but it can cause data loss if it happens while you are working. It is a sign that something is wrong with your system, so you should fix it to avoid repeated crashes.

Why does the error mention a specific .sys file?

The named file is the driver that caused the violation. Searching for that filename can lead you to the exact device or software to update or remove.

Can I ignore the error if it only happens once?

If it happens once and does not recur, you can monitor it. But if it appears again, take action, as it may indicate an underlying issue that will get worse.

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