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10 Tech How-To

How to Install Linux on a Chromebook

Guide 10-28182 · Updated · Step by step

This guide walks you through installing Linux on a Chromebook, giving you access to a full Linux environment alongside ChromeOS. You’ll be able to run Linux apps, use the terminal, and install development tools. Before you begin, make sure your Chromebook supports Linux (most models from 2019 onward do) and that you have at least 1 GB of free storage space.

What You’ll Need

  • A Chromebook that supports Linux (check by going to Settings > About ChromeOS)
  • At least 1 GB of free storage space (more if you plan to install large apps)
  • A stable internet connection
  • Your Google account password (for some steps)

Step-by-Step

  1. Update ChromeOS: Go to Settings > About ChromeOS > Check for updates. Install any pending updates and restart your Chromebook if prompted.
  2. Open Linux settings: Go to Settings (gear icon in the Quick Settings panel or from the app launcher). Scroll down to “Advanced” and click on “Developers”.
  3. Turn on Linux: Under “Linux development environment”, click “Turn on”. A dialog will appear asking you to set up Linux.
  4. Set up Linux: In the setup window, enter a username (lowercase, no spaces) and set the disk size. The default is 10 GB, but you can adjust it. Click “Install”.
  5. Wait for installation: ChromeOS will download the Linux container and set it up. This may take a few minutes depending on your connection.
  6. Open the Terminal: Once installation finishes, a Terminal window will open automatically. You can also find the Terminal app in your app launcher.
  7. Update Linux packages: In the Terminal, type sudo apt update and press Enter. Enter your password when prompted (you won’t see characters as you type). Then run sudo apt upgrade and press Y when asked to confirm.
  8. Install your first Linux app: For example, to install GIMP, type sudo apt install gimp and press Enter. After installation, you’ll find GIMP in your app launcher under the Linux folder.

Common Mistakes

  • Not updating ChromeOS first: Older versions may not have Linux support fully enabled. Always update before starting.
  • Choosing a username with uppercase letters or spaces: This can cause issues with file paths. Use lowercase letters and numbers only.
  • Setting the disk size too small: If you plan to install many apps, 10 GB might not be enough. You can’t easily change it later, so set a reasonable size upfront.
  • Forgetting to update packages: Installing new software without running sudo apt update first can lead to errors or outdated versions.

Tips

  • Use the Terminal for everything: The Terminal is your gateway to Linux. Learn basic commands like ls, cd, and sudo.
  • Access Linux files: Your Linux files are stored in a special folder called “Linux files” in the Files app. You can share files between ChromeOS and Linux by moving them there.
  • Install from the Chrome Web Store: Some apps are available as Chrome apps that work with Linux, but it’s often easier to use apt or download .deb files.
  • Back up your Linux environment: You can back up your Linux container by going to Settings > Advanced > Developers > Linux development environment > Backup and restore.

Troubleshooting

  • Linux won’t turn on: Make sure your Chromebook is updated. If it still doesn’t work, your device may not support Linux. Check the official list of supported devices on Google’s support page.
  • Terminal doesn’t open: If the Terminal app is missing, go to Settings > Advanced > Developers and click “Turn on” again. If that fails, restart your Chromebook.
  • Installation fails: Ensure you have enough free storage. Go to Settings > Storage to see how much space you have. Also, check your internet connection.
  • Apps don’t appear in the launcher: Sometimes apps take a moment to show up. Wait a few minutes, or log out and back in.
  • Can’t run graphical apps: If an app installs but doesn’t open, try launching it from the Terminal to see error messages. For example, type gimp and press Enter.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Linux on Chromebook the same as installing Ubuntu?

It’s similar but not identical. ChromeOS runs a Linux container with a Debian-based environment. You get a terminal and can install most Debian packages, but you don’t get a full desktop environment by default.

Can I install any Linux app?

Most apps that work on Debian Linux will work, but some may require additional configuration or may not support the ARM architecture if your Chromebook has an ARM processor.

Will installing Linux void my warranty?

No, Linux is an official feature of ChromeOS. It doesn’t void your warranty or put your device in developer mode.

How do I remove Linux?

Go to Settings > Advanced > Developers > Linux development environment and click “Remove”. This will delete the Linux container and all its files.

Can I use Linux on a Chromebook without a Google account?

No, you need a Google account to use ChromeOS and its features, including Linux.

Why is Linux not available on my Chromebook?

Linux support requires a Chromebook released after 2019 (or a newer model). Older devices may not have the necessary hardware or software support.

Related

General steps for current mainstream versions; menus can differ by device and version. See the disclaimer or report an error.

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